How to Practice Music: Using the Level System

When I work with students, I'm frequently reminded that a lot of us simply have no idea how to practice music. Practicing is more than just getting the instrument out and playing (although, that's sometimes the hardest part!). It's a skill that we have to learn, whether on our own or with the help of a teacher. One of the tools that I use when I'm teaching my students how to practice music is the Level System.

Last year I told you about a book that revolutionized the way I teach music, The Practice Revolution by Philip Johnston. The main tool in this book that's changed how I practice music is an idea called The Level System. I learned a piece using this method two years ago, and I can pick it up today and it will be as fresh as if I had worked on it last week. Ever since then, I've had my students learn all their music and All-State scales this way. Basically, the idea is that you section your music off into small phrases, if it's not too technically challenging, or into individual measures if there is a lot to work on technique-wise. Each section is given a number and the sectioned music looks like this:

This piece is not challenging technically, so it's been sectioned into small phrases. Once we have our sections, we can start putting them through the levels. The levels are a series of steps that have to be mastered one after the other before we can move on. They start out fairly easy: rhythm, then notes, then articulations, and finally upping the tempo. 

The Metronome

The metronome is used the whole time, except for the second level, which is all about notes. Without the metronome, we have no standard to judge ourselves by, and it's really easy for rhythm mistakes to creep in. To figure out our metronome markings, all we have to do is figure out our final tempo and work backwards.  So, if our level 6 tempo is q = 120, level 5 would be q = 116, level 4 would be q = 112, level 3 would be q = 108 and level 1 would be q = 104. Here's a blank level system for you to use (the link takes you to a Google doc):

Blank Level System

As you work through the levels, all you have to do is write the number of the level completed in the blank space next to the section numbers. To consider a level completed, you need to be able to play it correctly three times in a row. With my students, when they get through level 6 with a section, we mark it with a small sticker, and when they've done all the sections we put a big sticker at the top along with the date completed. The stickers are really important because they give you a visual reference of how much you've gotten done.

The Lesson Notebook

 One of my favorite things about using the level system is that it's really easy for me to notate what I want the student to do for the week in their lesson notebook. A typical notebook entry would look like:

Bach, Gavotte - Trio

• S.1 - L. 6
• S.5 - L. 6
• S.9 - L. 6
• S.11 - L. 4
• S. 13 - L. 3

S stands for section and L stands for level. Because the levels are already defined for the student, it's very clear what needs to be accomplished for the next lesson. We typically try to have 3 sections completed for every lesson and one or two in the hopper for the next week.

When I practice, my natural tendency is to practice the first phrase to death and neglect the rest of the piece. The level system ensures that each section of the piece is practiced with the same attention to detail, and once all of the sections are completed, they're all technically in the same place. The harder parts aren't slower than the easy parts, and it's really easy to put everything back together and start working on phrasing. If you're questioning how to practice music, or if you're looking for a better way to practice, I highly recommend trying the level system!

The Importance of Hand Made Reeds.

Reeds can have a huge impact on how a oboist feels about their choice of instrument. Honestly, it can have a huge impact on how they feel about life in general. My family knows that when I'm having a difficult time with reeds (it happens to the best of us!) I can be in the darkest pits of despair, but as soon as I get back in the swing of things with good reeds that I'm as happy as a little bird. You can see this in students too; I love watching their faces light up at the beginning of the month when they get a new reed. For just a little while, their problems have disappeared.

So, why are hand made reeds so much better than a machine made reed? Reed manufacturers use basically the same process to make an oboe reed as they do to make a saxaphone or clarinet reed. The cane is planed down at an angle to create a thinner tip that gradually thickens towards the back of the reed. This works for single reed instruments because the cane is so much thicker, so the vibrations have room to warm up the sound. On the oboe, what you end up with are two really thin blades vibrating against each other.

I think this is a Meason reed. Notice

the wire.

The problem with making reeds this way is that they have no structural support and can't even hold themselves open. This is why you will frequently see machine made reeds with a wire forcing them open. The planing process also frequently results in a very flat reed, so the manufacturer is often forced to clip the reed very short in order to bring the pitch up. The lack of structural support also results in thin, nasal sound. In general, hand made reeds don't have either of these problems.

One of my reeds. Notice the varying

degrees of thickness.

With a hand made reed, there are generally three important areas: the tip, the heart, and the back. The spine runs from tip to back in the center of the reed and helps to keep the reed open. The tip begins paper thin and ramps up into the heart. It's job is to let the vibrations into the reed quickly and without much resistance. When the vibrations reach the heart, which is the thickest place on the reed, they are circulated and warmed up before reaching the oboe. The back is just a little thinner than the heart to allow for some flexibility and control of pitch. This structure results in a round, warm tone instead of the nasal sound we find in machine made reeds.

Some oboists don't think it's that important for young players to play on hand made reeds, but I've found that they can develop an excellent sound very early if they are given access to materials that will allow them to from the start. Hand made reeds enable the player to create a beautiful, warm sound that can be produced at pitch without the reed collapsing.